Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis Based on a Regularized Method for Multiclassification and Application in Lithological Identification

This study aimed to construct a kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (KFDA) method from well logs for lithology identification purposes. KFDA, via the use of a kernel trick, greatly improves the multiclassification accuracy compared with Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA). The optimal kernel Fisher projection of KFDA can be expressed as a generalized characteristic equation. However, it is difficult to solve the characteristic equation; therefore, a regularized method is used for it. In the absence of a method to determine the value of the regularized parameter, it is often determined based on expert human experience or is specified by tests. In this paper, it is proposed to use an improved KFDA (IKFDA) to obtain the optimal regularized parameter by means of a numerical method. The approach exploits the optimal regularized parameter selection ability of KFDA to obtain improved classification results. The method is simple and not computationally complex. The IKFDA was applied to the Iris data sets for training and testing purposes and subsequently to lithology data sets. The experimental results illustrated that it is possible to successfully separate data that is nonlinearly separable, thereby confirming that the method is effective

Media 4: A 2.95 GHz, femtosecond passive harmonic mode-locked fiber laser based on evanescent field interaction with topological insulator film

Originally published in Optics Express on 12 January 2015 (oe-23-1-154

Molten Au/Ge alloy migration in Ge nanowires

Herein, we report time-resolved in situ transmission electron microscopy observation of Au particle melting at a Ge nanowire tip, subsequent forming of Au/Ge alloy liquid, and its migrating within the Ge nanowire. The migration direction and position of the Au/Ge liquid can be controlled by the applied voltage and the migration speed shows a linear deceleration in the nanowire. In a migration model proposed, the relevant dynamic mechanisms (electromigration, thermodiffusion, and viscous force, etc.) are discussed in detail. This work associated with the liquid mass transport in the solid nanowires should provide new insights into the crystal growth, interface engineering, and fabrication of the heterogeneous nanostructure-based devices

Media 1: A 2.95 GHz, femtosecond passive harmonic mode-locked fiber laser based on evanescent field interaction with topological insulator film

Originally published in Optics Express on 12 January 2015 (oe-23-1-154

Media 3: A 2.95 GHz, femtosecond passive harmonic mode-locked fiber laser based on evanescent field interaction with topological insulator film

Originally published in Optics Express on 12 January 2015 (oe-23-1-154

Interaction between tissue-dwelling helminth and the gut microbiota drives mucosal immunoregulation

Abstract Tissue-dwelling helminths affect billions of people around the world. They are potent manipulators of the host immune system, prominently by promoting regulatory T cells (Tregs) and are generally associated with a modified host gut microbiome. However, the role of the gut microbiota in the immunomodulatory processes for these non-intestinal parasites is still unclear. In the present study, we used an extra-intestinal cestode helminth model-larval Echinococcus multilocularis to explore the tripartite partnership (host-helminth-bacteria) in the context of regulating colonic Tregs in Balb/c mice. We showed that larval E. multilocularis infection in the peritoneal cavity attenuated colitis in Balb/c mice and induced a significant expansion of colonic Foxp3+ Treg populations. Fecal microbiota depletion and transplantation experiments showed that the gut microbiota contributed to increasing Tregs after the helminth infection. Shotgun metagenomic and metabolic analyses revealed that the gut microbiome structure after infection was significantly shifted with a remarkable increase of Lactobacillus reuteri and that the microbial metabolic capability was reprogrammed to produce more Treg cell regulator-short-chain fatty acids in feces. Furthermore, we also prove that the L. reuteri strain elevated in infected mice was sufficient to promote the colonic Treg frequency and its growth was potentially associated with T cell-dependent immunity in larval E. multilocularis infection. Collectively, these findings indicate that the extraintestinal helminth drives expansions of host colonic Tregs through the gut microbes. This study suggests that the gut microbiome serves as a critical component of anti-inflammation effects even for a therapy based on an extraintestinal helminth